Imashini zikora kopi, zizwi kandi nka fotokopi, zabaye ibikoresho byo mu biro bizwi cyane muri iki gihe. Ariko se byose bitangirira he? Reka tubanze dusobanukirwe inkomoko n'amateka y'iterambere ry'imashini ikora kopi.
Igitekerezo cyo gukoporora inyandiko cyatangiye kera cyane, ubwo abanditsi bakopororaga inyandiko n'intoki. Ariko, kugeza mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 19 ni bwo ibikoresho bya mbere bya mekanike byo gukoporora inyandiko byakozwe. Kimwe muri ibyo bikoresho ni "imashini ikoporora," ikoresha igitambaro gitose kugira ngo yimure ishusho iva ku nyandiko y'umwimerere ijya ku rupapuro rwera.
Mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20, imashini ya mbere ikora kopi y'amashanyarazi yavumbuwe na Chester Carlson mu 1938. Ubuvumbuzi bwa Carlson bwakoresheje uburyo bwitwa xerography, bukubiyemo gukora ishusho ya electrostatic ku ngoma y'icyuma, kuyishyira ku rupapuro, hanyuma igashyiraho toner ku rupapuro burundu. Ubu buvumbuzi bw'ibanze bwashyizeho urufatiro rw'ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo gufotora kopi.
Imashini ya mbere ikora kopi mu bucuruzi, Xerox 914, yashyizwe ku isoko mu 1959 na Xerox Corporation. Iyi mashini ihindura ibintu ituma inzira yo gukoporora inyandiko yihuta, ikora neza, kandi ikwiriye gukoreshwa mu bucuruzi no mu buzima bwite. Intsinzi yayo yabaye intangiriro y'igihe gishya mu ikoranabuhanga ryo gukoporora inyandiko.
Mu myaka mike yakurikiyeho, ikoranabuhanga rya kopi ryakomeje gutera imbere. Imashini zikora kopi za digitale zatangiye gukoreshwa mu myaka ya 1980, zatanze ireme ry’amashusho meza ndetse n’ubushobozi bwo kubika no gukura inyandiko mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga.
Mu kinyejana cya 21, imashini zikora kopi zikomeje kumenyera ihinduka ry’ibikenewe mu kazi ka none. Ibikoresho byinshi bihuza ubushobozi bwo gukoporora, gucapa, gusesengura no gukoresha fakisi byahindutse ibisanzwe mu biro. Izi mudasobwa zikora zose hamwe ziroroshya imikorere y’inyandiko kandi zikongera umusaruro ku bigo byinshi ku isi.
Muri make, inkomoko n'amateka y'iterambere ry'umukorano w'amafoto bihamya ubuhanga bw'abantu n'umwuka wo guhanga udushya. Kuva ku bikoresho bya kera by'imashini kugeza ku mashini zikoresha ikoranabuhanga ry'ubu, iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga ryo gukoporora riratangaje. Urebye imbere, birashimishije kubona uburyo umukorano w'amafoto uzakomeza gutera imbere no kunoza, birushaho guhindura uburyo dukorana n'uburyo tumarana amakuru.
At HonhaI, twibanda ku gutanga ibikoresho byiza ku bikoresho bitandukanye bya kopi. Uretse ibikoresho bya kopi, tunatanga ubwoko butandukanye bw'imashini zicapa nziza zituruka ku bigo bikomeye. Dufite ubuhanga n'ubushake bwo gushimisha abakiriya, dushobora kugufasha kubona igisubizo cyiza cyo gucapa gihuye n'ibyo ukeneye. Niba ufite ikibazo cyangwa inama, twandikire.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza 13-2023