1 Imiterere y'imbere y'icyuma gicapa laser
Imiterere y'imbere y'icyuma gicapa laser igizwe n'ibice bine by'ingenzi, nk'uko bigaragara ku Ishusho ya 2-13.
Ishusho ya 2-13 Imiterere y'imbere y'icyuma gicapa laser
(1) Igice cya Laser: gitanga urumuri rwa laser rufite amakuru y'inyandiko kugira ngo ingoma igaragare neza.
(2) Igice cyo kugaburira impapuro: kugenzura impapuro kugira ngo zinjire muri printer mu gihe gikwiye no gusohoka muri printer.
(3) Igice cyo Gutegura: Fukisha igice cy’ingoma cy’ingunguru cyagaragayeho amafoto n’amajwi kugira ngo ukore ishusho ishobora kubonwa n’amaso, hanyuma uyishyire ku buso bw’urupapuro.
(4) Igikoresho cyo Gutunganya: Toner itwikiriye urupapuro irashongeshwa kandi ishyirwa ku rupapuro neza hakoreshejwe imbaraga n'ubushyuhe.
2 Ihame ry'imikorere ya printer ya laser
Imashini icapa laser ni igikoresho gisohoka gihuza ikoranabuhanga ryo gupima laser n'ikoranabuhanga ryo gufata amashusho hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga. Imashini icapa laser zifite imikorere itandukanye bitewe n'uburyo butandukanye, ariko urukurikirane rw'imikorere n'amahame ni bimwe.
Dufashe urugero rw'imashini zisanzwe za HP laser printer, urukurikirane rw'imikorere ni uru rukurikira.
(1) Iyo umukoresha yohereje itegeko ryo gucapa kuri printer binyuze muri sisitemu y'imikorere ya mudasobwa, amakuru y'ishusho agomba gucapwa abanza guhindurwamo amakuru ya binary binyuze kuri driver ya printer, hanyuma akoherezwa kuri board nkuru igenzura.
(2) Akabati gashinzwe kugenzura kakira kandi kagasobanura amakuru y’ibinyabiziga yoherejwe n’umushoferi, kakayahuza n’umuyoboro wa laser, kandi kakagenzura igice cya laser kugira ngo gitange urumuri hakurikijwe ayo makuru. Muri icyo gihe, ubuso bw’ingoma ikoresha foto bushyuzwa n’igikoresho gikoresha icyuma gishyushya. Hanyuma umuyoboro wa laser ufite amakuru y’ishusho ukorwa n’igice gikoresha foto kugira ngo ingoma ikoreshe foto. Ishusho ihishe ya electrostatic irakorwa ku buso bw’ingoma ya toner nyuma yo kuyikoresha.
(3) Iyo karito ya toner imaze gukorana na sisitemu iri gutera imbere, ishusho ihishe igaragara nk'ibishushanyo. Iyo inyuze muri sisitemu yo kohereza, toner yimurirwa ku rupapuro munsi y'ingufu z'amashanyarazi z'igikoresho cyo kohereza.
(4) Iyo iyoherezwa rirangiye, impapuro zikora ku icupa rikuraho amashanyarazi, hanyuma zigashyira umuriro ku rupapuro hasi. Amaherezo, zinjira muri sisitemu yo gufata ubushyuhe bwinshi, maze amashusho n'inyandiko byakozwe na toner bishyirwa muri iyo mpapuro.
(5) Nyuma y'uko amakuru y'ishusho acapwe, igikoresho cyo gusukura gikuraho toner itarashyirwa mu bikorwa, hanyuma kikinjira mu cyiciro gikurikira cy'akazi.
Ibikorwa byose byavuzwe haruguru bigomba kunyura mu ntambwe zirindwi: gusharija, gushyira ahagaragara, guteza imbere, kwimura, gukuraho amashanyarazi, kuyasana no kuyasukura.
1>. Kwishyuza
Kugira ngo ingoma ifata foto ishobore gufata toni hakurikijwe amakuru ajyanye n'ishusho, ingoma ifata foto igomba kubanza gushyushwa.
Kuri ubu hari uburyo bubiri bwo gusharija ibikoresho bya printer ku isoko, bumwe ni corona charging n'ubundi ni charging roller charger, byombi bifite imiterere yabyo.
Gushyushya Corona ni uburyo bwo gushyushya butaziguye bukoresha substrate iyobora amashanyarazi y’ingoma ikoresha urumuri nk’amashanyarazi, kandi insinga y’icyuma nto cyane ishyirwa hafi y’ingoma ikoresha urumuri nk’indi electrode. Mu gukoporora cyangwa gucapa, ingufu nyinshi cyane zishyirwa ku nsinga, maze umwanya ukikije insinga ugakora amashanyarazi akomeye. Mu gihe cy’imikorere y’amashanyarazi, iyoni zifite polarity imwe n’insinga ya corona zitembera ku buso bw’ingoma ikoresha urumuri. Kubera ko icyuma gifotora kiri ku buso bw’ingoma ikoresha urumuri gifite ubushobozi bwinshi mu mwijima, umuriro ntuzavaho, bityo ubushobozi bw’ingunguru buzakomeza kwiyongera. Iyo ubushobozi buzamutse bukagera ku bushobozi bwo kwakira bwinshi, inzira yo gushyushya irarangira. Ingorane z’ubu buryo bwo gushyushya ni uko byoroshye gukora imirasire na ozone.
Gusharija umugozi wo gushyushya ni uburyo bwo gusharija umugozi wo gushyushya, budasaba ingufu nyinshi zo gusharija kandi ntibubangamira ibidukikije. Kubwibyo, imashini nyinshi za laser zikoresha imigozi yo gusharija umugozi wo gushyushya.
Reka dufate urugero rwo gusharija umugozi wo gusharija kugira ngo dusobanukirwe imikorere yose ya printer ya laser.
Ubwa mbere, igice cy’urusobe rw’amashanyarazi menshi gitanga ingufu nyinshi, zishyira ingufu ku buso bw’ingoma ikoresha amashanyarazi amwe n’amwe binyuze mu gice cyo kuyikoresha. Nyuma y’uko ingoma ikoresha amashanyarazi amwe n’umuzingo wo kuyikoresha bizenguruka icyarimwe mu gihe cy’uruziga rumwe, ubuso bwose bw’ingoma ikoresha amashanyarazi amwe n’amwe, nk’uko bigaragara ku Ishusho ya 2-14.
Ishusho ya 2-14 Imbonerahamwe y'icyitegererezo cy'uburyo bwo kwishyuza
2>. kwigaragaza
Kugaragara kw'ingoma bikorerwa hafi y'ingoma ishobora gufotora, ikagaragara hakoreshejwe umurasire wa laser. Ubuso bw'ingoma ishobora gufotora ni urwego rushobora gufotora, urwego rushobora gufotora rutwikira icyuma gikoresha aluminiyumu, naho icyuma gikoresha aluminiyumu kikaba gihagaze.
Urusobe rw'amashanyarazi rushobora gushyuha ni ibikoresho bishobora gushyuha, birangwa no kuba biyobora iyo bihuye n'urumuri, kandi bigakingira mbere yo kubihura. Mbere yo kubihura, umuriro umwe ushyirwamo umuriro n'icyuma gishyuha, kandi ahantu hashyuha nyuma yo kubihura na laser hahita hahinduka umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi n'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi wa aluminiyumu, bityo umuriro urekurwa ukagera hasi kugira ngo habeho agace k'inyandiko ku mpapuro z'icapiro. Aho hantu hatashyuha na laser haracyakomeza kubamo umuriro w'umwimerere, bigatuma habaho agace k'ubusa ku mpapuro z'icapiro. Kubera ko iyi shusho y'inyuguti itagaragara, yitwa ishusho ihishe ya electrostatic.
Muri scanner harimo kandi sensor y’ibimenyetso ihuza imikorere. Akamaro k’iyi sensor ni ukureba ko intera iri hagati y’imashini isuzuma ihoraho kugira ngo urumuri rwa laser rumurikiwe ku buso bw’ingoma ikoresha foto rushobore kugera ku ngaruka nziza zo gufata amashusho.
Itara rya laser risohora urumuri rwa laser rufite amakuru y’imiterere, rumurikira prism igaragara ifite impande nyinshi, kandi prism igaragara igaragaza urumuri rwa laser ku buso bw’ingoma igaragara binyuze mu itsinda ry’ikirahuri, bityo igasuzuma ingoma igaragara mu buryo butambitse. Moteri nyamukuru iyobora ingoma igaragara mu buryo burambuye kugira ngo imenyekane neza ko ingoma igaragara mu buryo buhagaze ikoresheje itara risohora laser. Ihame ryo kwerekana rigaragazwa ku Ishusho ya 2-15.
Ishusho ya 2-15 Ishusho y'icyitegererezo cy'ibyerekanwa
3>. iterambere
Iterambere ni inzira yo gukoresha ihame ryo kwirukana abahuje igitsina no gukurura amashanyarazi hagati y’abahuje igitsina kugira ngo ishusho y’amashanyarazi ihishe itagaragara ku maso ihinduke amashusho agaragara. Hari igikoresho cya rukuruzi hagati ya rukuruzi (cyanone cyitwa rukuruzi ikora, cyangwa rukuruzi mu magambo ahinnye), kandi toner iri mu gisanduku cy’ifu irimo ibintu bya rukuruzi bishobora kwinjiza rukuruzi, bityo toner igomba gukururwa na rukuruzi iri hagati ya rukuruzi ikora.
Iyo ingoma y’ubushyuhe izenguruka ikagera aho ihuriye n’icyuma gishyushya imirasire, igice cy’ubuso bw’ingoma y’ubushyuhe idashyushye na laser gifite polarity imwe na toner, kandi ntikibasha gukurura toner; mu gihe igice cy’ubushyuhe cya laser gifite polarity imwe na toner. Ibinyuranye n’ibyo, hakurikijwe ihame ryo kwirukana igitsina kimwe no gukurura igitsina gitandukanye, toner inyurwa ku buso bw’ingoma y’ubushyuhe aho laser inyuzwa, hanyuma amashusho ya toner agaragara agakorwa ku buso, nk’uko bigaragara ku Ishusho ya 2-16.
Ishusho ya 2-16 Imbonerahamwe y'amahame y'iterambere
4>. icapiro ryo kohereza
Iyo toner yimuriwe hafi y'impapuro zo gucapa hamwe n'ingoma ikoresha fotografiya, hari igikoresho cyo kohereza inyuma y'impapuro kugira ngo gishyireho umuvuduko mwinshi inyuma y'impapuro. Kubera ko ingufu z'igikoresho cyo kohereza ziruta ingufu z'agace kagaragaramo ingoma ikoresha fotografiya, amashusho n'inyandiko byakozwe na toner byimurirwa ku mpapuro zo gucapa munsi y'imikorere y'amashanyarazi y'igikoresho cyo gusharija, nk'uko bigaragara ku Ishusho ya 2-17. Ibishushanyo n'inyandiko bigaragara ku buso bw'impapuro zo gucapa, nk'uko bigaragara ku Ishusho ya 2-18.
Ishusho ya 2-17 Ishusho y'icyitegererezo cy'icapiro ryo kohereza (1)
Ishusho ya 2-18 Imbonerahamwe y'icyitegererezo cy'icapiro ryo kohereza (2)
5>. Gukuraho amashanyarazi
Iyo ishusho ya toner yimuriwe ku mpapuro zicapishwa, toner itwikira gusa ubuso bw'impapuro, kandi imiterere y'ishusho yakozwe na toner yoroha mu gihe cyo kohereza impapuro zicapishwa. Kugira ngo ishusho ya toner ikomeze kuba nziza mbere yo kuyikosora, nyuma yo kuyihindura, izanyura mu gikoresho cyo gukuraho static. Inshingano yayo ni ukuvanaho polarity, kugabanya imbaraga zose no gutuma impapuro zitagira aho zibogamiye kugira ngo impapuro zishobore kwinjira mu gikoresho cyo kuzitunganya neza no kwemeza ko umusaruro usohoka ugaragaza ubuziranenge bw'ibicuruzwa, nk'uko bigaragara ku Ishusho ya 2-19.
Ishusho ya 2-19 Ishusho y'icyitegererezo cyo gukuraho ingufu
6>. gutunganya
Gushyushya no gusana ni inzira yo gushyira igitutu no gushyushya ku ishusho ya toner iri ku mpapuro zicapirwa kugira ngo toner ishonge maze ijye mu mpapuro zicapirwamo kugira ngo habeho ishusho ikomeye ku buso bw'impapuro.
Igice cy'ingenzi cya toner ni resin, aho toner ishongesha ni hafi 100°C, kandi ubushyuhe bw'icyuma gishyushya cy'icyuma gifata ibikoresho ni hafi dogere 180°C.
Mu gihe cyo gucapa, iyo ubushyuhe bwa fuser bugeze ku bushyuhe bwagenwe bwa dogere 180°C iyo impapuro zifata toner zinyuze mu cyuho kiri hagati y’icyuma gishyushya (kizwi kandi ku izina rya roller yo hejuru) n’icyuma gishyushya (kizwi kandi ku izina rya roller yo hasi, roller yo hasi), igikorwa cyo guhuza kizaba kirangiye. Ubushyuhe bwinshi butangwa bushyushya toner, igashongesha toner ku rupapuro, bityo igakora ishusho n'inyandiko bikomeye, nk'uko bigaragara ku Ishusho ya 2-20.
Ishusho ya 2-20 Imbonerahamwe y'ingenzi y'uburyo bwo gukosora
Kubera ko ubuso bw'icyuma gishyushya butwikiriwe n'igitambaro kidakomeye gufata kuri toner, toner ntabwo ifata ku buso bw'icyuma gishyushya bitewe n'ubushyuhe bwinshi. Nyuma yo gukosora, impapuro zicapishwa zitandukanywa n'icyuma gishyushya hakoreshejwe icyuma gitandukanya impapuro, hanyuma zoherezwa mu imashini icapye binyuze mu cyuma gitanga impapuro.
Igikorwa cyo gusukura ni ugukuramo toner ku ngoma ikoresha foto itaravanwa ku rupapuro ikajya mu gisanduku cy'imyanda cya toner.
Mu gihe cyo kwimura, ishusho ya toner iri ku ngoma ishobora gufotora ntishobora kwimurirwa ku mpapuro burundu. Iyo idasukuwe, toner isigaye ku buso bw'ingoma ishobora gufotora izajyanwa mu cyiciro gikurikira cyo gucapa, bigasenya ishusho nshya yakozwe., bityo bigira ingaruka ku ireme ry'inyandiko.
Igikorwa cyo gusukura gikorwa n'icyuma gikata irangi, gifite inshingano yo gusukura ingoma ikata irangi mbere y'uko imashini ikata irangi ikoresha ikoranabuhanga rigezweho. Kubera ko icyuma gikata irangi kidashaje kandi kigenda cyoroshye, icyuma gikora inguni ikatanye n'ubuso bw'ingoma ikata irangi. Iyo imashini ikata irazunguruka, icyuma gikata irangi kiri hejuru y'imashini gikata irangi mu gisanduku cy'imyanda gikoresheje igikoresho gikata irangi, nk'uko bigaragara ku Ishusho ya 2-21.
Ishusho ya 2-21 Imbonerahamwe y'isuku
Igihe cyo kohereza: 20 Gashyantare 2023